Benyamin Alimohammadi; Alireza Moslem; Hassan Azhdari Zarmehri; Homan Kamranian
Volume 23, Issue 2 , March and April 2016, , Pages 204-213
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Nowadays the use of herbal plants due to their low complications attracts the mind of many scientists. The aim of this study is the assessment of the Naloxone as an antagonist of opioids on seizure duration time induced by PTZ and determine the anticonvulsant mechanism of hydro ...
Read More
Background and Objectives: Nowadays the use of herbal plants due to their low complications attracts the mind of many scientists. The aim of this study is the assessment of the Naloxone as an antagonist of opioids on seizure duration time induced by PTZ and determine the anticonvulsant mechanism of hydro alcoholic extract of Scrophularia striata Boiss. Materials & Methods: In the present study, 40 male mice were randomly divided into five groups of eight; The control group (receiving PTZ 80 mg/kg, i.p.), Two treatment groups (Scrophularia striata 600 and 900 mg/kg, i.p.) and two experimental groups (Scrophularia striata 600 and 900 mg/kg i.p plus Naloxone 5 mg/kg, i.p., 5 minutes before extract injection). With injection of PTZ, convulsive behaviors in mice during 20 minutes were recorded by camera and the various stages of seizures were evaluated. Statistical data were analyzed using with the tests of one way Variance and Tukey in SPSS 16. PResults: Statistical analysis showed that Naloxone injection with extract administration have slightly and not significantly decreased the latency time to tonic and clonic seizure in comparison with the control group. Latency time to tonic-colonic has been increased in extract only group and extract associated Naloxone group. With injection of the extract alone total seizure time has decreased but in extract associated Naloxone group this time has increased that this increasing in dose of 600 mg/kg is significant in comparison with control group (P<0.01). Data showed that extract injection lonely and associated with Naloxone have increased the duration time of tonic seizure, duration time of tonic-colonic with extract injection was increased but this time in Naloxone group has been slightly decreased. Conclusion: Our study indicated that Naloxone as an antagonist can inhibit the anticonvulsant activity of hydro alcoholic extract of Scrophularia striata Boiss.
Hasan Ajdari Mehri; Hossein Khademi; Elaheh Erami; Mohammad Mohammadzadeh
Volume 21, Issue 1 , March and April 2015, , Pages 106-115
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Several systems of pain modulation in the central nervous system modulated the responses to painful stimuli in stressful and excitement situations. Stimulation of the hypothalamus induces analgesia through information relay to the brain stem including Rostral- Ventromedial medulla. ...
Read More
Abstract
Background: Several systems of pain modulation in the central nervous system modulated the responses to painful stimuli in stressful and excitement situations. Stimulation of the hypothalamus induces analgesia through information relay to the brain stem including Rostral- Ventromedial medulla. The Rostral-Ventromedial medulla as output gate of the brain stem medulated pain through neurons in the dorsal horn.
This pain modulation in central nerous system in various psychological conditions was based on existing of different neural groups and the special connections between them. These neurons cause pain modulation. The functional relationship between activation of one group of them and increasing pain and activation of another group and reduction of pain has been observed. In this review, it is discussed about the role of different neural groups of rostral-ventromedial medulla in pain modulation.
Conclusion: The Rostral-Ventromedial medulla has a major role in modulating pain and higher centers of the brain by altering the activity of the special groups of neurons cause to induce inhibition or facilitate pain in different stress and emotional conditions.
Hashem Haghdost; Hasan Azhdar Zarmehri; Tahereh Dargahi; Mohammad Sofiabadi
Volume 21, Issue 2 , May and June 2014, , Pages 271-282
Abstract
Background: 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) and tetraethylammonium (TEA) are two potassium channel blockers which have shown that have beneficial effects in treating some neurological disorders such as ataxia, Alzheimer and multiple sclerosis. In this study the effect of acute administration of 4-AP and TEA in ...
Read More
Background: 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) and tetraethylammonium (TEA) are two potassium channel blockers which have shown that have beneficial effects in treating some neurological disorders such as ataxia, Alzheimer and multiple sclerosis. In this study the effect of acute administration of 4-AP and TEA in the treatment of behavioral symptoms of Parkinsonism induced by the toxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) was studied in male rats.
Materials & Methods: 6-OHDA was injected into left medial forebrain bundle (MFB) by stereotaxic surgery using Hamilton syringe. Then, in the third week after surgery, the rats before and after drug application were tested for rotational behavior induced by apomorphine. In the fourth week, Rotarod test was performed in the presence of the blockers for six consecutive days.
Results: 4-AP at doses 200 and 500 µg/kg had no significant effect, but at dose 1000 µg/kg led to a significant improvement of behavioral symptoms of Parkinsonism in the rotation test. On the other hand, the drug decreased motor performance and motor learning in the Rotarod test. TEA at dose 1 mg/kg was ineffective, but at dose 2 mg/kg caused a significant decrease, and at dose 5 mg/kg caused a significant increase in the number of rotations of the Parkinsonian rats. TEA had no effect on the motor learning in the Rotarod test.
Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that 4-AP and TEA, in a dose-dependent manner, weaken some symptoms of Parkinsonism, but worsen some other symptoms.
Baghatollah Salehi; Hasan Ajdari ZarMehri; Mohammad Sofiabadi; Elahe Erami; Nematollah Gheybi
Volume 20, Issue 3 , September and October 2013, , Pages 338-346
Abstract
Introduction: It is well recognized that gender and race differences play a role in pain sensitivity, pain perception, response to analgesic drug and prevalence of certain chronic pain disorders. In this study investigated gender and strain-related differences in the effect of food deprivation on formalin ...
Read More
Introduction: It is well recognized that gender and race differences play a role in pain sensitivity, pain perception, response to analgesic drug and prevalence of certain chronic pain disorders. In this study investigated gender and strain-related differences in the effect of food deprivation on formalin induced nociceptive behaviors in rats.
Methods: This study was done in Qazvin University of Medical Sciences 8 groups of rats (220-300gr). Groups 1 and 2: Effect formalin-induced nociceptive behaviours in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. Groups 3 and 4: Effect formalin-induced nociceptive behaviours in male and female Wistar rats. Groups 5 and 6: Effect of food deprivation on formalin-induced nociceptive behaviours in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. Groups 7 and 8: Effect of food deprivation on formalin-induced nociceptive behaviours in male and female Wistar rats. Food was withdrawn 48 h (short-term food deprivation) prior to performing the formalin test, but water continued to be available ad libitum. The formalin (50 μL, 2%) was injected into hind plantar paw. Immediately after the formalin injection, pain behaviors recorded for 90 minutes.
Results: There is significant difference between male and female control Sprague-Dawley rats during phase 2B. Although interphase in male rats is more than female ones, but the phase 2B in female rats is more than male ones and phase 2 finished with delay in Sprague-Dawley race. There are no significant differences between male and female control Wistar rats during formalin test. Following 48-h food deprivation, male and female rats exhibited enhanced nociceptive behaviors in response to formalin injection during phase 1, the interphase, phase 2. In contrast, 48 h food deprivation had significant effect on formalin-evoked nociceptive behaviors in phase 2B for male Wistar and in interphase and phase 2B for female rats.
Conclusion: The present study demonstrates the existence of gender and strain-related differences in rats in the development and maintenance of inflammatory hyperalgesia. Also, these differences observed following food deprivation.
MohammadHossein Esmaeili; Hashem Haghdoost Yazdy; Mohammad Sofiabadi; Hasan Ajdari Zarmehri
Volume 17, Issue 1 , March and April 2010, , Pages 6-12
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Glutamatergic system has a role on morphine withdrawal sign, and magnesium has inhibitory effect on the NMDA receptors of glutamatergic system. The present study aimed to determine the effects of magnesium injection on morphine withdrawal signs in male and female rats. Materials ...
Read More
Background and Purpose: Glutamatergic system has a role on morphine withdrawal sign, and magnesium has inhibitory effect on the NMDA receptors of glutamatergic system. The present study aimed to determine the effects of magnesium injection on morphine withdrawal signs in male and female rats. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 48 Male and female rats (200-250 gr) were used. The animals divided into 6 equal groups: two male and female control groups received normal saline; two male and female groups receiving magnesium sulfate 150 mg/kg; and the last two groups receiving magnesium sulfate 300 mg/kg. All groups received 3% sucrose in tap water with morphine 0.4mg/ml (for 21 days) to become addicted. In the end of 21st day, NS or magnesium administrated 30 min before naloxone (2mg/kg) and then withdrawal signs evaluated for next 30 min. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS using ANOVA and complementary tests with p
Saeed Faghih; Behzad Feizzadeh; Habibollah Esmaili; Elaheh Erami; Hasan Ajdari Zarmehri
Volume 17, Issue 1 , March and April 2010, , Pages 21-26
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is initial treatment of choice for most calculi in the kidney. Although ESWL has many side effects one of which is cardiac arrhythmia, occurring mostly in non-synchronized mode. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of ...
Read More
Background and Purpose: Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is initial treatment of choice for most calculi in the kidney. Although ESWL has many side effects one of which is cardiac arrhythmia, occurring mostly in non-synchronized mode. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy on electrocardiogram changes in patients with renal stone. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was carried out on 75 patients with renal stone who were selected by non-probability and convenience sampling. Then electrocardiograph was obtained from participants before, during and after lithotripsy. The relationship between ESWL-associated arrhythmia and autonomic neural activity was evaluated by heart rate spectral analysis. Electrocardiogram changes were interpreted and the data were analyzed in SPSS and SAS using chi-square, independent t-test, paired t-test, McNemar, Cochrane, One-way ANOVA and general linear model. Results: ESWL was found to elicit new or worsened electrocardiogram changes in 66.7 percent patients with no previous cardiac disease. A statistically significant correlation was demonstrated between the presence of ventricular premature contractions and analgesic drugs (p